Activism / Resistance: Canada

6342983 activism/resistance - Canada 1 apa 50 date 1 1 title 1750 https://www.thehousinghub.ca/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%228MUBB7YJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bunce%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBunce%2C%20S.%2C%20Livingstone%2C%20N.%2C%20March%2C%20L.%2C%20Moore%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Walks%2C%20A.%20%282020%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%5C%2Fid%5C%2Feprint%5C%2F10115557%5C%2F1%5C%2FCritical-Dialogues-of-Urban-Governance-Development-and-Activism.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCritical%20Dialogues%20of%20Urban%20Governance%2C%20Development%20and%20Activism%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20UCL%20Press.%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Critical%20Dialogues%20of%20Urban%20Governance%2C%20Development%20and%20Activism%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susannah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bunce%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicola%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Livingstone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Loren%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22March%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walks%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Cities%20have%20been%20sites%20of%20some%20of%20the%20most%20visible%20manifestations%20of%20the%20evolution%20of%20processes%20of%20globalization%20and%20population%20expansion%2C%20and%20global%20cities%20are%20at%20the%20cutting%20edge%20of%20such%20changes.%20Critical%20Dialogues%20of%20Urban%20Governance%2C%20Development%20and%20Activism%20examines%20changes%20in%20governance%2C%20property%20development%2C%20urban%20politics%20and%20community%20activism%2C%20in%20two%20key%20global%20cities%3A%20London%20and%20Toronto.%5Cn%5CnThe%20analysis%20is%20inherently%20comparative%2C%20but%20not%20in%20the%20traditional%20sense%20%5Cu2013%20the%20volume%20does%20not%20seek%20to%20deliver%20a%20like-for-like%20comparison.%20Instead%2C%20taking%20these%20two%20cities%20as%20empirical%20cases%2C%20the%20chapters%20engage%20in%20constructive%20dialogues%20about%20the%20contested%20and%20variegated%20built%20forms%2C%20formal%20and%20informal%20governmental%20mechanisms%20and%20practices%2C%20and%20policy%20and%20community-based%20responses%20to%20contemporary%20urban%20concerns.%5Cn%5CnThe%20authors%20position%20a%20critical%20dialogue%20on%20three%20central%20issues%20in%20contemporary%20urban%20studies%3A%20governance%2C%20real%20estate%20and%20housing%2C%20and%20community%20activism%20and%20engagement.%20Their%20less%20traditional%20approach%20to%20comparative%20framing%20seeks%20to%20understand%20London%20and%20Toronto%20from%20a%20nuanced%20perspective%2C%20promoting%20critical%20reflection%20on%20the%20experiences%20and%20evaluative%20critiques%20of%20each%20urban%20context%2C%20providing%20insight%20into%20each%20city%5Cu2019s%20urban%20trajectory%20and%20engaging%20critically%20with%20wider%20phenomena%20and%20influences%20on%20the%20urban%20governance%20challenges%20beyond%20these%20two%20cities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-78735-680-1%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%5C%2Fid%5C%2Feprint%5C%2F10115557%5C%2F1%5C%2FCritical-Dialogues-of-Urban-Governance-Development-and-Activism.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-02T14%3A19%3A55Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22London%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Toronto%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22UK%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%5C%2Fresistance%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%5C%2Fresistance%20-%20UK%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22urban%20governance%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AGPVBHCD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Withers%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWithers%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282020%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fyorkspace.library.yorku.ca%5C%2Fxmlui%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F10315%5C%2F37759%5C%2FWithers_A_J_2020_PhD.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2%26amp%3BisAllowed%3Dy%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BMAPPING%20RULING%20RELATIONS%20THROUGH%20HOMELESSNESS%20ORGANIZING%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BYork%20University%5D.%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22MAPPING%20RULING%20RELATIONS%20THROUGH%20HOMELESSNESS%20ORGANIZING%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Withers%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Poor%20people%5Cu2019s%20organizing%20can%20be%20effective%20even%20in%20periods%20of%20neoliberal%20retrenchment.%20This%20dissertation%20examines%20ruling%20relations%20and%20the%20social%20relations%20of%20struggle%20from%20the%20standpoint%20of%20the%20Ontario%20Coalition%20Against%20Poverty%20%28OCAP%29%20in%20Toronto%2C%20Ontario%2C%20Canada.%20With%20political%20activist%20ethnography%20as%20my%20central%20theoretical%20framework%20and%20methodological%20approach%2C%20I%20conducted%20field%20research%2C%20interviews%20and%20textual%20analysis%20of%20City%20and%20organizational%20documents.%20Focusing%20on%20OCAP%5Cu2019s%20homelessness%20campaigns%2C%20I%20examine%20the%20social%20relations%20of%20struggle%20in%20three%20campaigns%20in%20Toronto%3A%20a%20campaign%20to%20stop%20the%20criminalization%20of%20homeless%20people%20in%20a%20public%20park%20by%20private%20security%2C%20a%20campaign%20to%20increase%20access%20to%20a%20social%20assistance%20benefit%20for%20people%20in%20emergency%20housing%20need%2C%20and%20a%20campaign%20to%20increase%20the%20number%20and%20improve%20the%20conditions%20of%20emergency%20shelter%20beds.%20My%20research%20demonstrates%20the%20active%20and%20ongoing%20research%20and%20theorization%20that%20anti-poverty%20activists%20engage%20in%20as%20well%20as%20the%20practices%20of%20delegitimization%2C%20excluding%20critique%2C%20testimonial%20injustice%20and%20epistemic%20violence%20that%20ruling%20relations%20engage%20in%20to%20counter%20activist%20research%20and%20theory.%20Some%20of%20this%20research%20and%20theory%20has%20regarded%20both%20Housing%20First%20policy%20and%20philosophy%20and%20Toronto%5Cu2019s%20emergency%20shelter%20system%20which%20OCAP%2C%20homeless%20people%20and%20other%20advocates%20have%20been%20decrying%20as%20unjust%20and%20inept%20for%20years.%20This%20dissertation%20explicates%20some%20of%20the%20ways%20that%20the%20City%20works%20to%20delegitimize%20its%20challengers%20and%20demonstrates%20the%20validity%20of%20many%20of%20the%20longstanding%20critiques%20of%20the%20ruling%20regime.%20While%20the%20City%20of%20Toronto%20has%20worked%20to%20contain%20homelessness%20organizing%20in%20Toronto%2C%20and%20deployed%20numerous%20demobilization%20tactics%20to%20do%20so%2C%20each%20campaign%20was%20fully%20or%20partially%20successful.%20Full%20or%20partial%20victories%20were%20secured%20by%20anti-poverty%20activists%20through%20the%20use%20%28or%20threat%29%20of%20direct%20action%20tactics.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22York%20University%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fyorkspace.library.yorku.ca%5C%2Fxmlui%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F10315%5C%2F37759%5C%2FWithers_A_J_2020_PhD.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2%26isAllowed%3Dy%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-28T12%3A23%3A27Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Ontario%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Ontario%20Coalition%20Against%20Poverty%20%28OCAP%29%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Toronto%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%5C%2Fresistance%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22dissertation%5C%2Fthesis%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22homelessness%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G65YIIYU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Le%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLe%2C%20J.%20%282018%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdigital.library.ryerson.ca%5C%2Fislandora%5C%2Fobject%5C%2FRULA%253A7744%5C%2Fdatastream%5C%2FOBJ%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2FThe____community__in_community_land_trusts___the_role_of_community_control_in_pursuing_community_land_trust_activism_.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BTHE%20%26%23039%3BCOMMUNITY%26%23039%3B%20IN%20COMMUNITY%20LAND%20TRUSTS%3A%20THE%20ROLE%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20CONTROL%20IN%20PURSUING%20COMMUNITY%20LAND%20TRUST%20ACTIVISM%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BRyerson%20University%5D.%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22THE%20%27COMMUNITY%27%20IN%20COMMUNITY%20LAND%20TRUSTS%3A%20THE%20ROLE%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20CONTROL%20IN%20PURSUING%20COMMUNITY%20LAND%20TRUST%20ACTIVISM%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Housing%20in%20the%20Greater%20Toronto%20and%20Hamilton%20Area%20%28GTHA%29%20is%20increasingly%20unaffordable%20due%20to%20rising%20housing%20costs.%20Community%20land%20trusts%20%28CLTs%29%20have%20recently%20emerged%20as%20a%20tool%20for%20providing%20affordable%20housing%20in%20the%20GTHA.%20This%20paper%20investigated%20the%20form%20that%20CLTs%20should%20take%20to%20ensure%20its%20long-term%20success%20for%20providing%20affordable%20housing.%20Through%20an%20analysis%20of%20academic%20and%20grey%20literature%2C%20the%20element%20of%20community%20control%20was%20identified%20as%20being%20a%20critical%20success%20factor.%20This%20paper%20explored%20four%20CLTs%20operating%20in%20American%20and%20European%20contexts%20to%20understand%20whether%20and%20how%20community%20control%20was%20manifested%20and%20the%20resulting%20implications%20it%20had%20on%20the%20CLT%20and%20residents.%20The%20findings%20of%20the%20paper%20confirm%20the%20importance%20of%20community%20control%20in%20the%20long-term%20functioning%20of%20CLTs%2C%20and%20that%20community%20control%20can%20be%20manifested%20in%20various%20forms.%20Planners%20operating%20in%20the%20GTHA%20must%20therefore%20be%20mindful%20of%20ensuring%20that%20community%20control%20is%20expressed%20in%20CLTs.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Ryerson%20University%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdigital.library.ryerson.ca%5C%2Fislandora%5C%2Fobject%5C%2FRULA%253A7744%5C%2Fdatastream%5C%2FOBJ%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2FThe____community__in_community_land_trusts___the_role_of_community_control_in_pursuing_community_land_trust_activism_.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22C3WCVASC%22%2C%22SYWR42QS%22%2C%22DA665RZR%22%2C%22IZWQVRKV%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-19T11%3A01%3A24Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Greater%20Toronto%20and%20Hamilton%20Area%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Ontario%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Toronto%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%5C%2Fresistance%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22community%20control%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22community%20land%20trust%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22community%20land%20trust%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22dissertation%5C%2Fthesis%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228FFZ37WJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22August%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAugust%2C%20M.%20%282016%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0264275115300287%26%23039%3B%26gt%3B%26quot%3BIt%26%23039%3Bs%20all%20about%20power%20and%20you%20have%20none%3A%26quot%3B%20The%20marginalization%20of%20tenant%20resistance%20to%20mixed-income%20social%20housing%20redevelopment%20in%20Toronto%2C%20Canada%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCities%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B57%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2025%5Cu201332.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.cities.2015.12.004%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%5C%22It%27s%20all%20about%20power%20and%20you%20have%20none%3A%5C%22%20The%20marginalization%20of%20tenant%20resistance%20to%20mixed-income%20social%20housing%20redevelopment%20in%20Toronto%2C%20Canada%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22August%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Mixed-income%20redevelopment%20has%20become%20a%20go-to%20approach%20for%20restructuring%20post-war%20public%20housing%20in%20advanced%20capitalist%20nations.%20In%20Regent%20Park%2C%20Canada%26%23039%3Bs%20%5Cufb01rst%20and%20largest%20project%2C%20revitalization%20is%20underway%20to%20create%20a%20mixed-use%2C%20mixed-income%20community%20%5Cu2014%20with%20rebuilt%20public%20housing%2C%20condos%2C%20and%20a%20redesigned%20landscape.%20While%20tenants%20face%20negative%20impacts%20related%20to%20relocation%2C%20displacement%20and%20gentri%5Cufb01cation%2C%20there%20has%20been%20a%20void%20of%20organized%20opposition%20to%20the%20project.%20This%20article%20tells%20the%20story%20of%20revitalization%20in%20Toronto%20and%20identi%5Cufb01es%20%5Cufb01ve%20inter-connected%20factors%20that%20have%20worked%20as%20barriers%20to%20tenant%20organizing.%20These%20include%3A%20%281%29%20a%20successful%20effort%20by%20the%20public%20housing%20authority%20to%20build%20support%20for%20revitalization%20by%20successfully%20branding%20it%20as%20tenantdriven%2C%20%282%29%20a%20consultation%20process%20designed%20to%20limit%20collective%20interaction%20among%20tenants%2C%20%283%29%20the%20co-optation%20of%20some%20critical%20voices%2C%20%284%29%20fear%20of%20reprisal%20among%20tenants%20for%20speaking%20out%2C%20and%20%285%29%20an%20internalized%20sense%20of%20powerless%20and%20un-deservingness%20among%20tenants.%20These%20factors%20have%20emerged%20in%20a%20context%20that%20does%20not%20foster%20resistance%2C%20as%20tenants%20are%20desperate%20for%20new%20housing%2C%20forced%20to%20come%20up%20against%20a%20popular%20revitalization%20approach%2C%20and%20suffering%20from%20attrition%20in%20numbers%20over%20a%20long%20development%20timeline.%20Despite%20these%20barriers%20to%20resistance%2C%20the%20limited%20opposition%20that%20has%20emerged%20in%20Toronto%20has%20been%20surprisingly%20successful%2C%20indicating%20the%20political%20potential%20tenants%20have%20to%20mount%20a%20fundamental%20challenge%20to%20mixed-income%20redevelopment%2C%20and%20to%20demand%20investment%20that%20is%20not%20tied%20to%20gentri%5Cufb01cation%20and%20displacement.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%5C%2F2016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.cities.2015.12.004%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202642751%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0264275115300287%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22IJWYU4J5%22%2C%22X9NR56RU%22%2C%22F9NFQ85Y%22%2C%22DA665RZR%22%2C%22BHEDTZWQ%22%2C%22F7XMZ57L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-28T12%3A25%3A06Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Don%20Mount%20Court%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Lawrence%20Heights%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Regent%20Park%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Toronto%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%5C%2Fresistance%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22community%20development%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22displacement%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22gentrification%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22mixed-income%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22mixed-income%20housing%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20redevelopment%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22tenant%20organizing%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G5TURAZD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Greene%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-05-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGreene%2C%20J.%20%282015%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fid.erudit.org%5C%2Fiderudit%5C%2F1030805ar%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BUrban%20Restructuring%2C%20Homelessness%2C%20and%20Collective%20Action%20in%20Toronto%2C%201980%5Cu20132003%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BUrban%20History%20Review%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B43%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%2021%5Cu201337.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7202%5C%2F1030805ar%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Urban%20Restructuring%2C%20Homelessness%2C%20and%20Collective%20Action%20in%20Toronto%2C%201980%5Cu20132003%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greene%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20explores%20the%20links%20between%20urban%20restructuring%2C%20home-%20lessness%2C%20and%20collective%20action%20in%20Toronto%20in%20the%201980s%20and%201990s.%20In%20Toronto%2C%20as%20elsewhere%2C%20urban%20restructuring%20at%20this%20time%20com-%20prised%20a%20series%20of%20interconnected%20political-economic%20and%20spatial%20shifts%2C%20including%20economic%20and%20occupation%20change%2C%20gentrification%2C%20neo-liberal%20welfare%20state%20reform%2C%20and%20urban%20entrepreneurial-%20ism.%20Jointly%2C%20these%20political-economic%20shifts%20were%20implicated%20in%20the%20production%20and%20consolidation%20of%20new%20forms%20of%20socio-spatial%20polarization%20and%20segregation%20that%20dramatically%20changed%20the%20landscape%20of%20urban%20poverty.%20One%20of%20the%20most%20visible%20manifesta-%20tions%20of%20the%20uneven%20effects%20of%20restructuring%20was%20the%20emergence%20and%20consolidation%20of%20mass%20homelessness.%20This%20changing%20landscape%20of%20poverty%2C%20in%20turn%2C%20produced%20a%20new%20landscape%20of%20political%20activism.%20It%20is%20this%20contested%20landscape%20that%20I%20explore%20in%20this%20article%20through%20a%20focus%20on%20homelessness%20as%20a%20primary%20mobilizing%20issue%20in%20opposition%20to%20restructuring%20during%20this%20key%20period%20in%20Toronto%26%23039%3Bs%20transition%20into%20a%20second-%20tier%20world%20city.%20largue%20that%20urban%20restructuring%2C%20home-%20lessness%2C%20and%20the%20dynamics%20of%20collective%20action%20were%20linked%20in%20two%20important%20ways.%20First%2C%20collective%20advocates%20and%20activists%20defined%20the%20crisis%20of%20homelessness%20as%20a%20direct%20effect%20of%20urban%20restructuring%20%3B%20in%20this%20way%20collective%20action%20mobilized%20to%20defend%20the%20interests%20of%20homeless%20people%20was%20simultaneously%20a%20collective%20struggle%20to%20contest%20urban%20restructuring.%20Second%2C%20the%20politics%20of%20restructuring%20directly%20informed%20the%20dynamics%20of%20collective%20action%20over%20time%2C%20influencing%20their%20organizational%2C%20strategic%2C%20and%20tactical%20dimensions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-05-22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7202%5C%2F1030805ar%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221918-5138%2C%200703-0428%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fid.erudit.org%5C%2Fiderudit%5C%2F1030805ar%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22X9NR56RU%22%2C%226TH8CT28%22%2C%22DA665RZR%22%2C%22MGRGYV3E%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-28T12%3A24%3A49Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Ontario%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Toronto%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%5C%2Fresistance%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22advocacy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22gentrification%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22homelessness%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22neoliberalism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22poverty%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22urban%20restructuring%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FAG6W5V7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22August%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAugust%2C%20M.%20%282014%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftspace.library.utoronto.ca%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2F1807%5C%2F94533%5C%2F3%5C%2FAugust_Martine_J_201406_PhD_thesis.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BSpeculating%20Social%20Housing%3A%20Mixed-Income%20Public%20Housing%20Redevelopment%20in%20Toronto%26%23039%3Bs%20Regent%20Park%20%26amp%3B%20Don%20Mount%20Court%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BDissertation%2C%20University%20of%20Toronto%5D.%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Speculating%20Social%20Housing%3A%20Mixed-Income%20Public%20Housing%20Redevelopment%20in%20Toronto%27s%20Regent%20Park%20%26%20Don%20Mount%20Court%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22August%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20dissertation%20develops%20a%20multi-dimensional%20critique%20of%20the%20globally%20popular%20%5Cu201csocially%20mixed%5Cu201d%5Cnpublic%20housing%20redevelopment%20approach%2C%20drawing%20on%20tenant%20experiences%20in%20Toronto%5Cu2019s%20Regent%5CnPark%20and%20Don%20Mount%20Court%20communities.%20Socially%20mixed%20redevelopment%20involves%20the%20demolition%5Cnof%20modernist%20public%20housing%20and%20its%20replacement%20with%20mixed-income%2C%20mixed-use%20communities%3B%5Cnusually%20redesigned%20in%20a%20neo-traditional%20style%20and%20achieved%20via%20public-private%20partnership.%20This%5Cndissertation%20addresses%20three%20research%20questions%20and%20goals.%20First%2C%20it%20examines%20the%20impacts%20of%5Cnredevelopment%20on%20tenants%2C%20who%20benefit%20from%20much-needed%20investment%20but%20endure%20hardship%5Cnassociated%20with%20relocation%2C%20gentrification%2C%20and%20displacement.%20Second%2C%20it%20critically%20examines%20core%5Cntheoretical%20and%20planning%20ideas%20%28%5Cu2018deconcentration%5Cu2019%20and%20%5Cu2018social%20mix%5Cu2019%29%20that%20have%20served%20to%20justify%5Cnmixed-income%20redevelopment.%20These%20discourses%20rest%20on%20problematic%20core%20assumptions%2C%20and%5Cnpromote%20policies%20that%20%5Cu2013%20as%20I%20discover%20in%20a%20meta-analysis%20of%20nearly%20200%20empirical%20studies%20%5Cu2013%20do%20not%5Cndeliver%20on%20their%20promises.%20Third%2C%20this%20research%20offers%20a%20political-economic%20critique%20of%20the%5Cnsignificance%20and%20future%20impacts%20of%20redevelopment%2C%20placing%20tenant%20experiences%20in%20the%20context%20of%5Cnlocal%2C%20state%2C%20and%20global%20economic%20restructuring.%20Redevelopment%20is%20presented%20as%20an%20example%20of%20%5Cnwhat%20I%20call%20%5Cu201cspeculative%20social%20welfare%2C%5Cu201d%20a%20new%20and%20increasingly%20popular%20approach%20for%20financing%5Cnformer%20welfare%20state%20provisions%20in%20the%20context%20of%20global%20neoliberalism.%20Speculative%20social%20welfare%5Cnreplaces%20state%20expenditure%20with%20profits%20derived%20from%20gentrification%20and%20real%20estate%20speculation%2C%5Cnrelies%20on%20the%20market%20to%20allocate%20former%20welfare%20state%20provisions%2C%20entails%20reduced%20expenditure%2C%20and%5Cnintensifies%20existing%20patterns%20of%20socio-spatial%20polarization.%5CnThis%20research%20is%20based%20on%20qualitative%20methods%2C%20including%20in-depth%20interviews%2C%20ethnographic%5Cnparticipant%20observation%2C%20and%20textual%20analysis.%20My%20analysis%20of%20redevelopment%20in%20Toronto%20reveals%5Cnthat%20financial%20motivations%20drive%20policy%2C%20trumping%20loftier%20planning%2C%20design%2C%20and%20equity-oriented%5Cngoals.%20From%20pre-move%20tenant%20interviews%2C%20I%20develop%20a%20counter-narrative%20that%20challenges%20the%5Cnstigmatizing%20revitalization%20rhetoric%2C%20and%20highlights%20%5Cu2018real%5Cu2019%20problems%20in%20Regent%20Park%20that%5Cnredevelopment%20is%20ill-suited%20to%20address.%20Post-move%20interviews%20reveal%20that%20%5Cu2018old%5Cu2019%20problems%20are%20being%5Cnreproduced%20in%20the%20mixed%20community%2C%20and%20highlight%20the%20negative%20political%20and%20social%20impacts%20of%5Cngentrification%20and%20displacement.%20My%20analysis%20of%20Don%20Mount%20Court%20points%20to%20the%20paradoxical%5Cnoutcomes%20of%20%5Cu201cNew%20Urbanist%5Cu201d%20design%2C%20and%20challenges%20the%20%5Cu2018myth%5Cu2019%20of%20the%20benevolent%20middle%20class%20in%20a%5Cnlandscape%20marked%20by%20deeply%20uneven%20power%20relations.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22dissertation%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20Toronto%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftspace.library.utoronto.ca%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2F1807%5C%2F94533%5C%2F3%5C%2FAugust_Martine_J_201406_PhD_thesis.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22C3WCVASC%22%2C%22IJWYU4J5%22%2C%22F9NFQ85Y%22%2C%22DA665RZR%22%2C%22BHEDTZWQ%22%2C%22F7XMZ57L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-28T12%3A23%3A31Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Don%20Mount%20Court%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Regent%20Park%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Toronto%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%5C%2Fresistance%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22cross-class%20interactions%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22displacement%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22dissertation%5C%2Fthesis%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22mixed-income%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22mixed-income%20housing%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22mixed-tenure%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20history%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20redevelopment%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22tenant%20engagement%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22tenant%20organizing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22urban%20planning%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WA8FSYCI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Habib%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHabib%2C%20Z.%20%282011%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftspace.library.utoronto.ca%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2F1807%5C%2F30090%5C%2F6%5C%2FHabib_Zainab_201111_MA_thesis.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCUTTING%20OFF%20THE%20HOMELESS%3A%20REEXAMINING%20SOCIAL%20HOUSING%20SERVICE%20AND%20ACTIVISM%20IN%20ONTARIO%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BUniversity%20of%20Toronto%5D.%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22CUTTING%20OFF%20THE%20HOMELESS%3A%20REEXAMINING%20SOCIAL%20HOUSING%20SERVICE%20AND%20ACTIVISM%20IN%20ONTARIO%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zainab%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Habib%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20importance%20of%20housing%20has%20been%20discussed%20in%20several%20disciplines%20as%20a%20basic%20need%2C%20a%20fundamental%20human%20right%2C%20and%20a%20source%20of%20economic%20and%20social%20security%3B%20but%20the%20social%20housing%20system%20in%20Ontario%20has%20been%20downloaded%20from%20higher%20levels%20of%20government%20to%20municipalities%20with%20little%20to%20no%20increase%20in%20funding%20or%20program%20governance.%20In%20this%20thesis%2C%20I%20argue%20that%20the%20policies%20and%20programs%20that%20govern%20the%20social%20housing%20system%20in%20Ontario%20focus%20on%20a%20service%20provision%20perspective%20that%20maintains%20the%20status%20quo%2C%20particularly%20the%20stigma%20attached%20to%20social%20housing%20projects%20and%20homeless%20people.%20Using%20interviews%20with%20activists%20and%20a%20review%20of%20the%20literature%2C%20I%20suggest%20that%20activists%20have%20a%20role%20in%20changing%20the%20way%20this%20service-oriented%20perspective%20works%20by%20bringing%20forward%20the%20realities%20of%20homelessness%20in%20the%20public%20realm%20to%20alter%20social%20thought%2C%20agendas%2C%20and%20actions.%5Cn%5CnMore%20specifically%2C%20the%20objectives%20of%20this%20research%20study%20are%3A%5Cn-%20To%20outline%20Ontario%26%23039%3Bs%20social%20housing%20system%26%23039%3Bs%20focus%20on%20social%20services%5Cn-%20To%20explore%20the%20role%20that%20activists%20can%20play%20in%20bringing%20forward%20the%20realities%20of%20homelessness%20and%20poverty%20within%20the%20social%20housing%20sector%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20Toronto%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftspace.library.utoronto.ca%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2F1807%5C%2F30090%5C%2F6%5C%2FHabib_Zainab_201111_MA_thesis.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-19T11%3A01%3A14Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Ontario%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%5C%2Fresistance%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22dissertation%5C%2Fthesis%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22homelessness%20entries%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20service%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TB66IIWX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lehrer%20and%20Winkler%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLehrer%2C%20U.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Winkler%2C%20A.%20%282006%29.%20Public%20or%20Private%3F%20The%20Pope%20Squat%20and%20Housing%20Struggles%20in%20Toronto.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSocial%20Justice%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B33%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%283%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Public%20or%20Private%3F%20The%20Pope%20Squat%20and%20Housing%20Struggles%20in%20Toronto%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ute%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lehrer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winkler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22WHEN%20IN%20THE%20SUMMER%20OF%202002%20THE%20WORLD%5Cu2019S%20MEDIA%20ATTENTION%20WAS%20ON%20TORONTO%2C%20thanks%20to%20the%20visit%20of%20Pope%20John%20Paul%20II%2C%20the%20Ontario%20Coalition%20Against%20Poverty%20%28OC%20AP%29%20used%20this%20moment%20to%20draw%20attention%20to%20their%20fight%20against%20poverty%20and%20homelessness%20in%20Canada%5Cu2019s%20largest%20city.%20With%20relatively%20wide%20support%20from%20other%20activist%20groups%2C%20this%20direct%20action%20group%20squatted%20in%20a%20house%20in%20a%20slowly%20gentrifying%20neighborhood%20and%20created%20a%20lively%20counter-public%20sphere.%20The%20squatters%20were%20evicted%20from%20the%20building%20after%20three%20months%2C%20but%20this%20direct%20action%20succeeded%20insofar%20as%20it%20drew%20attention%20to%2C%20and%20raised%20critical%20awareness%20of%2C%20the%20housing%20crisis%20in%20Toronto.%20It%20also%20questioned%20the%20dominant%20ideology%20about%20what%20is%20public%20and%20what%20is%20private%2C%20and%20laid%20open%20the%20contradictions%20of%20a%20neoliberal%20political%20framework%20that%20takes%20many%20forms.%20In%20this%20sense%2C%20though%20OCAP%20responded%20with%20direct%20actions%20to%20place-specific%20conditions%2C%20it%20raised%20questions%20that%20transcend%20the%20local%20level.%20Therefore%2C%20this%20direct%20action%20group%20can%20be%20situated%20within%20the%20context%20of%20anti-poverty%20and%20anti-homelessness%20groups%20and%20within%20the%20broader%20scope%20of%20social%20movements%20fighting%20against%20global%20capitalism.%5CnIn%20this%20article%2C%20we%20describe%20and%20analyze%20the%20Pope%20Squat%20as%20a%20direct%20action%20to%20resist%20privatization%20processes%20in%20Toronto%20and%20an%20attempt%20to%20build%20a%20broad-based%20coalition%20capable%20of%20combating%20policies%20that%20drive%20neoliberal%20urbanism.%20We%20then%20discuss%20public%20and%20private%20space%2C%20describe%20Toronto%5Cu2019s%20housing%20policy%20and%20the%20gentrification%20process%20there%2C%20and%20detail%20the%20story%20of%20the%20Pope%20Squat.%20We%20argue%20that%20the%20housing%20crisis%20for%20low-income%20people%20in%20Toronto%20results%20from%20the%20dominant%20ownership%20model%2C1%20which%20allows%20speculation%20and%20is%20based%20on%20a%20legalistic%20understanding%20of%20space%2C%20and%20from%20the%20rediscovery%20of%20urban%20downtown%20living%20in%20the%20form%20of%20a%20condominium%20boom.%20As%20part%20of%20a%20neoliberal%20agenda%2C%20diminishing%20housing%20options%20for%20low-income%20people%20are%20the%20consequence.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22DA665RZR%22%2C%22Q8NEZHIK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-28T12%3A24%3A32Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Toronto%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22activism%5C%2Fresistance%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22housing%20policy%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20land%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20land%20development%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20movements%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22squatting%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D
Bunce, S., Livingstone, N., March, L., Moore, S., & Walks, A. (2020). Critical Dialogues of Urban Governance, Development and Activism. UCL Press.
Withers, A. J. (2020). MAPPING RULING RELATIONS THROUGH HOMELESSNESS ORGANIZING [York University].
Greene, J. (2015). Urban Restructuring, Homelessness, and Collective Action in Toronto, 1980–2003. Urban History Review, 43(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.7202/1030805ar
Lehrer, U., & Winkler, A. (2006). Public or Private? The Pope Squat and Housing Struggles in Toronto. Social Justice, 33(3).