6342983
public housing policy
1
apa
50
date
1
1
title
953
https://www.thehousinghub.ca/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22RP3JF783%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Office%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BOffice%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario.%20%282019%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BOffice%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario%202019%20%20Annual%20Report%20-%20Social%20and%20Affordable%20Housing%3A%20Follow-Up%20on%20VFM%20Section%203.14%2C%202017%20Annual%20Report%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Office%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario%202019%20Annual%20Report%20-%20Social%20and%20Affordable%20Housing%3A%20Follow-Up%20on%20VFM%20Section%203.14%2C%202017%20Annual%20Report%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Office%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20of%20September%202019%2C%20the%20Ministry%20of%20Municipal%5CnAffairs%20and%20Housing%20has%20fully%20implemented%5Cn21%25%20of%20the%20actions%20we%20recommended%20in%20our%5Cn2017%20Annual%20Report.%20The%20Ministry%20is%20in%20the%20process%5Cnof%20implementing%20a%20further%2013%25%20of%20the%20actions%20we%5Cnrecommended.%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.auditor.on.ca%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fannualreports%5C%2Farreports%5C%2Fen19%5C%2Fv4_114en19.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22NSWZ8CJB%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-25T13%3A41%3A38Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Ontario%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22recommendations%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20housing%20policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222F4IHX57%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Office%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BOffice%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario.%20%282017%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BOffice%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario%202017%20%20Annual%20Report%20-%20Chapter%203%20%5Cu2022%20Section%203.14%20-%20Social%20and%20Affordable%20Housing%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Office%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario.%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Office%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario%202017%20Annual%20Report%20-%20Chapter%203%20%5Cu2022%20Section%203.14%20-%20Social%20and%20Affordable%20Housing%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Office%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Our%20audit%20concluded%20that%20the%20Ministry%20of%20Housing%5Cndid%20not%20have%20effective%20systems%20and%20procedures%5Cnto%20oversee%20and%20co-ordinate%20the%20delivery%20of%20social%5Cnand%20affordable%20housing%20programs%20and%20services.%20It%5Cndid%20not%20ensure%20that%20social%20housing%20was%20delivered%5Cnin%20compliance%20with%20legislated%20requirements%20with%5Cnrespect%20to%20the%20minimum%20number%20of%20about%20187%2C000%5Cnhouseholds%20that%20are%20required%20to%20be%20provided%20social%5Cnhousing%20benefits.%20It%20did%20not%20have%20a%20strategy%20that%5Cnseeks%20alignment%20and%20encourages%20efforts%20of%20all%20government%5Cnlevels%20toward%20meeting%20its%20goal%20of%20ensuring%5Cnthat%20everyone%20in%20Ontario%20has%20an%20affordable%20and%5Cnsuitable%20home.%20The%20Ministry%20also%20did%20not%20measure%5Cnand%20publicly%20report%20on%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20housing%5Cnprograms%20in%20Ontario.%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Office%20of%20the%20Auditor%20General%20of%20Ontario%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.auditor.on.ca%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fannualreports%5C%2Farreports%5C%2Fen17%5C%2Fv1_314en17.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22NSWZ8CJB%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-25T13%3A41%3A31Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Ontario%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20-%20Canada%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22recommendations%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20housing%20policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226DTD7ZJ9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kleit%20and%20Page%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-05-19%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKleit%2C%20R.%20garshick%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Page%2C%20S.%20B.%20%282015%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F02673037.2014.953919%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BThe%20Changing%20Role%20of%20Public%20Housing%20Authorities%20in%20the%20Affordable%20Housing%20Delivery%20System%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BHousing%20Studies%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B30%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%284%29%2C%20621%5Cu2013644.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F02673037.2014.953919%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Changing%20Role%20of%20Public%20Housing%20Authorities%20in%20the%20Affordable%20Housing%20Delivery%20System%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%20garshick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kleit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Page%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20the%20great%20recession%20began%2C%20public%20housing%20authorities%20%28PHAs%29%20were%20just%20beginning%20to%20experience%20the%20full%20effects%20of%20neoliberal%20policy%20implementation%20and%20devolution.%20Using%2013%20case%20studies%20of%20the%20largest%20PHAs%20in%20the%20Paci%5Cufb01c%20Northwest%2C%20this%20paper%20outlines%20activities%20that%20PHAs%20undertook%20to%20balance%20public%20mission%20with%20private-market%20means.%20PHAs%20made%20trade-offs%20among%20%5Cufb01ve%20paths%20that%20emphasize%20agency%20survival%2C%20producing%20housing%20for%20the%20poorest%20households%2C%20identifying%20as%20a%20nonpro%5Cufb01t%20housing%20provider%2C%20poverty%20alleviation%2C%20or%20gaining%20other%20public%20powers.%20This%20diversity%20of%20responses%20points%20to%20the%20under-valued%20attribute%20of%20PHAs%20as%20local%20organizations%20with%20diverse%20mandates.%20Dependence%20on%20the%20federal%20government%2C%20local%20charter%2C%20and%20the%20degree%20of%20integration%20with%20local%20government%20likely%20contributed%20to%20PHAs%5Cu2019%20propensity%20to%20develop%20non-US%20Department%20of%20Housing%20and%20Urban%20Development-assisted%20affordable%20housing.%20Even%20with%20this%20creativity%2C%20adequate%20resources%20are%20necessary%20to%20meet%20the%20demand%20for%20affordable%20housing%20for%20the%20poorest%20households%20as%20market%20conditions%20change.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-05-19%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F02673037.2014.953919%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220267-3037%2C%201466-1810%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F02673037.2014.953919%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22NSWZ8CJB%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-25T13%3A36%3A45Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22devolution%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22housing%20policy%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22housing%20privatisation%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20authorities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22social%20housing%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GIYQ2XMV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Khare%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKhare%2C%20A.%20T.%20%282013%29.%20Market-Driven%20Public%20Housing%20Reforms%3A%20Inadequacy%20for%20Poverty%20Alleviation.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCityscape%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B15%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Market-Driven%20Public%20Housing%20Reforms%3A%20Inadequacy%20for%20Poverty%20Alleviation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Khare%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20three%20preceding%20articles%20in%20this%20symposium%20raise%20the%20similar%20question%20of%20how%20very%20low-income%5Cnhouseholds%20%28some%20of%20whom%20move%20with%20the%20assistance%20of%20the%20Housing%20Choice%20Voucher%20Program%5Cn%5BHCVP%5D%29%20fare%20across%20a%20range%20of%20potential%20outcomes%2C%20including%20employment%2C%20residential%20stability%2C%5Cnhousing%20satisfaction%2C%20school%20quality%2C%20and%20neighborhood%20economic%20conditions.%20In%20this%20commentary%2C%5CnI%20first%20briefly%20frame%20the%20historical%20and%20political%20context%20that%20led%20to%20public%20housing%20policy%20reforms%2C%5Cnbefore%20summarizing%20the%20findings%20from%20the%20three%20articles%20in%20this%20section.%20Coinciding%20with%20the%20implica-%5Cntions%20suggested%20by%20the%20authors%2C%20I%20make%20strategic%20recommendations%20for%20programmatic%20and%20structural%5Cnchanges%20that%20aim%20to%20create%20greater%20access%20to%20affordable%20rental%20apartments%20and%20to%20supportive%20housing%5Cninterventions.%20My%20central%20argument%20throughout%20this%20commentary%20is%20that%20market-based%20housing%5Cnstrategies%20aimed%20at%20mobility%20alone%20will%20not%20significantly%20shift%20economic%20and%20social%20outcomes%20for%5Cnextremely%20low-income%20households.%20As%20these%20articles%20suggest%2C%20poverty%20alleviation%20requires%20more%20than%5Cnaccess%20to%20private-market%20rental%20housing.%20In%20closing%2C%20I%20offer%20policy%20recommendations%20that%20aim%20to%20reallocate%5Cnfederal%20housing%20assistance%20by%20increasing%20the%20supply%20of%20affordable%20housing%20units%2C%20providing%5Cnuniversal%20tax%20incentives%20for%20renters%2C%20expanding%20the%20use%20of%20vouchers%20to%20unsaturated%20neighborhoods%2C%5Cnand%20creating%20supportive%20housing%20interventions%20to%20address%20deep%20and%20persistent%20poverty.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KX5HDWUJ%22%2C%22NSWZ8CJB%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-25T13%3A36%3A05Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20rental%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22housing%20policy%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20history%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20reform%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22rental%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22supportive%20housing%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MHDZWLZJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kleit%20and%20Page%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-01-31%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKleit%2C%20R.%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Page%2C%20S.%20B.%20%282008%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01944360701825924%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BPublic%20Housing%20Authorities%20Under%20Devolution%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20the%20American%20Planning%20Association%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B74%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%2034%5Cu201344.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01944360701825924%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Public%20Housing%20Authorities%20Under%20Devolution%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%20Garshick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kleit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Page%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Problem%3A%20Local%20public%20housing%20authorities%5Cn%28PHAs%29%20in%20the%20United%20States%20face%20a%20different%5Cnset%20of%20mandates%20and%20opportunities%20today%5Cnthan%20they%20did%20before%201980%3B%20PHA%20financing%5Cnand%20program%20authority%20are%20more%20flexible%2C%5Cnwhile%20federal%20funding%20has%20shrunk%2C%20and%20new%5Cnobligations%20have%20arisen.%20Taken%20together%2C%20these%5Cnchanges%20in%20federal%20policy%20have%20so%20diversified%5CnPHAs%5Cu2019%20responsibilities%20that%20they%20risk%20organizational%5Cnincoherence%20and%20ineffectiveness%20in%5Cntrying%20to%20fulfill%20all%20their%20obligations.%5Cn%5CnPurpose%3A%20To%20understand%20the%20future%5Cnprospects%20for%20public%20and%20assisted%20housing%20in%5Cnthe%20United%20States%2C%20we%20trace%20the%20influence%20of%5Cnthe%20last%20two%20decades%20of%20federal%20policy%20on%20the%5Cnobligations%20and%20discretion%20of%20public%20housing%5Cnauthorities.%5Cn%5CnMethods%3A%20We%20coded%20the%20federal%20policy%5Cnactions%20that%20have%20affected%20affordable%20housing%5Cnpolicy%20since%201980%20to%20identify%20their%20likely%5Cnimplications%20for%20PHAs%5Cu2019%20organizational%20strategies.%5CnOur%20coding%20distinguished%20initiatives%5Cnlikely%20to%20prompt%20strategic%20innovation%20by%5CnPHAs%20from%20those%20likely%20to%20prompt%20a%20reactive%5Cnposture%20or%20defense%20of%20existing%20arrangements.%5CnResults%20and%20conclusions%3A%20In%20combination%2C%5Cnthe%20most%20prominent%20and%20binding%20federal%5Cninitiatives%20push%20PHAs%20toward%20reactive%20and%5Cndefensive%20organizational%20strategies.%20More%5Cnfederal%20initiatives%20foster%20changes%20in%20PHAs%5Cu2019%5Cnservices%2C%20revenues%2C%20and%20internal%20capacities%5Cnthan%20in%20their%20markets%20and%20external%20partnerships.%5CnThe%20federal%20initiatives%20with%20the%20most%5Cndramatic%20and%20far-reaching%20impacts%20on%20PHAs%5Cu2019%5Cnstrategies%20are%20the%20Quality%20Housing%20and%20Work%5CnResponsibility%20Act%2C%20voucher%20expansion%2C%5Cnvoucher%20funding%20formulas%2C%20and%20cuts%20in%20public%5Cnhousing%20funding.%20By%20comparison%2C%20other%5Cnfederal%20initiatives%20have%20had%20a%20more%20limited%5Cnand%20diffuse%20impact%20on%20PHAs%5Cu2019%20strategies.%5Cn%5CnTakeaway%20for%20practice%3A%20Reports%20from%5Cnindividual%20cities%20suggest%20that%20PHAs%20have%5Cnresponded%20to%20these%20federal%20policy%20changes%5Cnby%20choosing%20to%20focus%20their%20organizational%5Cnstrategies%20on%20achieving%20specific%20aims%20for%5Cnnarrow%20subpopulations.%20These%20choices%20about%5Cnorganizational%20strategy%20matter%20because%20federal%5Cnhousing%20policy%20outcomes%20now%20depend%20both%5Cnon%20what%20PHAs%20choose%20to%20do%20and%20on%20what%5Cnthey%20are%20capable%20of%20doing.%20PHAs%20that%20strive%5Cnfor%20organizational%20coherence%20may%20choose%20both%5Cnto%20diversify%20funding%20streams%20and%20to%20serve%5Cnfewer%20poor%20clients%2C%20while%20those%20attempting%5Cnto%20fulfill%20all%20their%20federal%20policy%20obligations%5Cnrisk%20excelling%20at%20none.%20In%20the%20future%2C%20PHAs%5Cnstruggling%20to%20survive%20may%20reduce%20services%20to%5Cnthe%20poorest%20households%20to%20an%20even%20greater%5Cnextent%20than%20federal%20policy%20now%20dictates.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008-01-31%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F01944360701825924%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220194-4363%2C%201939-0130%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01944360701825924%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22NSWZ8CJB%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-25T13%3A36%3A38Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22devolution%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22federal%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22housing%20policy%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20authorities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222BD4A8WQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6342983%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Reid%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BReid%2C%20C.%20K.%2C%20Liebow%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23039%3BMalley%2C%20G.%20%282006%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsfaajournals.net%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.17730%5C%2Fhumo.65.2.8aled5cqyl33l22n%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BBuilding%20Community%20during%20HOPE%20VI%20Redevelopment%3A%20Lessons%20from%20a%20Seattle%20Case%20Study%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BHuman%20Organization%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B65%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20192%5Cu2013202.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17730%5C%2Fhumo.65.2.8aled5cqyl33l22n%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Building%20Community%20during%20HOPE%20VI%20Redevelopment%3A%20Lessons%20from%20a%20Seattle%20Case%20Study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolina%20Katz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liebow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabrielle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Malley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20the%20United%20States%2C%20government%20policies%20concerning%20public%20housing%20changed%20dramatically%20in%20the%20early%201990s%2C%20leading%20to%20the%20passage%20of%20HOPE%20VI%2C%20an%20ambitious%20program%20aimed%20at%20overhauling%20the%20nation%26%23039%3Bs%20most%20distressed%20public%20housing%20developments.%20One%20distinctive%20feature%20of%20HOPE%20VI%20is%20that%20it%20incorporates%20a%20community%20and%20supportive%20services%20component%20designed%20to%20help%20raise%20the%20incomes%20of%20public%20residents%20and%20move%20them%20on%20a%20path%20towards%20financial%20self-sufficiency.%20This%20paper%20provides%20a%20detailed%20look%20at%20the%20community%20building%20and%20supportive%20services%20efforts%20at%20Rainier%20Vista%2C%20a%20HOPE%20VI%20redevelopment%20project%20in%20Seattle%2C%20Washington.%20Due%20to%20a%20unique%20set%20of%20circumstances%2C%20when%20granted%20a%20HOPE%20VI%20award%2C%20Rainier%20Vista%20was%20already%20part%20of%20Jobs-Plus%2C%20a%20demonstration%20project%20that%20aimed%20to%20increase%20the%20earnings%20of%20public%20housing%20residents.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20the%20staff%20at%20Rainier%20Vista%20had%20thought%20extensively%20about%20community%20and%20supportive%20services%20in%20advance%20of%20receiving%20the%20HOPE%20VI%20grant%2C%20already%20implementing%20innovative%20community%20building%20activities%20and%20efforts%20to%20increase%20employment%20rates%20and%20earnings%20of%20Rainier%20Vista%26%23039%3Bs%20residents.%20The%20blending%20of%20Jobs-Plus%20and%20HOPE%20VI%20into%20%26quot%3BHOPE-Plus%26quot%3B%20provides%20a%20window%20into%20the%20benefits%20and%20challenges%20of%20developing%20an%20effective%20community%20and%20supportive%20services%20component%20of%20HOPE%20VI%20redevelopment%2C%20one%20that%20is%20worth%20considering%20in%20the%20public%20policy%20debate%20over%20how%20public%20investment%20can%20be%20critical%20in%20re-shaping%20impoverished%20urban%20environments.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2206%5C%2F2006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17730%5C%2Fhumo.65.2.8aled5cqyl33l22n%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220018-7259%2C%201938-3525%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsfaajournals.net%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.17730%5C%2Fhumo.65.2.8aled5cqyl33l22n%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22IJWYU4J5%22%2C%22F7XMZ57L%22%2C%22NSWZ8CJB%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-19T19%3A23%3A37Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Seattle%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22affordable%20housing%20policy%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22community%20development%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22mixed-income%20housing%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22mixed-income%20housing%20-%20US%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22mixed-income%20neighborhood%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22public%20housing%20policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22tenant%20organizing%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D
Office of the Auditor General of Ontario. (2019). Office of the Auditor General of Ontario 2019 Annual Report - Social and Affordable Housing: Follow-Up on VFM Section 3.14, 2017 Annual Report.
Office of the Auditor General of Ontario. (2017). Office of the Auditor General of Ontario 2017 Annual Report - Chapter 3 • Section 3.14 - Social and Affordable Housing. Office of the Auditor General of Ontario.
Kleit, R. garshick, & Page, S. B. (2015). The Changing Role of Public Housing Authorities in the Affordable Housing Delivery System. Housing Studies, 30(4), 621–644. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2014.953919
Khare, A. T. (2013). Market-Driven Public Housing Reforms: Inadequacy for Poverty Alleviation. Cityscape, 15(2).
Kleit, R. G., & Page, S. B. (2008). Public Housing Authorities Under Devolution. Journal of the American Planning Association, 74(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360701825924
Reid, C. K., Liebow, E., & O'Malley, G. (2006). Building Community during HOPE VI Redevelopment: Lessons from a Seattle Case Study. Human Organization, 65(2), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.65.2.8aled5cqyl33l22n